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Objective: To optimize the formulation and preparation process of compound Shenzao chewable tablets, and establish a method for the determination of the active ingredient spinosin. Methods: Using the wet granulation process, the types, dosages and adding manners of diluents, wetting agents, sweeteners and lubricants were optimized, and three batches of the compound Shenzao chewable tablets were prepared. An HPLC method for the determination of spinosin in the tablets was established and the HPLC conditions were as follows: ZORBAX SB-C 18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)was adopted. The mobile phase was the acetonitrile-water solution in a gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was 25℃ and the detection wavelength was 335 nm. Results: In the wet granulation process, the dry Lepidium meyenii (Maca)powder and 20% mannitol were used as diluents, the 80% ethanol as wetting agent, and the 0.50% aspartame as sweetener. In the tabletting process, the 1.0% magnesium stearate was used as lubricant. The prepared tablets showed smooth surface, moderate sweetness, and a stable and controllable quality. The HPLC method for the determination of spinosin showed a good linearity within the concentration range of 5~100 μg/ml (r=0.9995)and the average recovery was 98.55%. Conclusion: The optimized formulation and preparation process are stable and feasible for the preparation of the compound Shenzao chewable tablets. The determination of spinosin by the HPLC method is accurate and reliable, which might be used for the quality control of the preparation.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of metabolites of Alternaria sp. IS275, an endophytic fungus isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong. Methods: The extraction fraction of ethyl acetate from endophytic fungi fermentation broth of L. chuanxiong were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reversed phase medium pressure chromatography, preparative TLC, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The structure of the separated chemical constituent was elucidated by modern spectroscopy technology. Results: A new lactone compound (+)-4,11-dihydroxy-2-dodecene-5-lactone was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the metabolite of Alternaria sp. IS275, an endophytic fungus of L. chuanxiong. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new lactone compound, named ligualterlide A.
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<p><b>Background</b>Mineral and bone disorder is one of the severe complications in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Previous studies showed that bisphosphonates had favorable effects on bone mineral density (BMD). We sought to compare different bisphosphonate regimens and rank their strategies.</p><p><b>Methods</b>We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to April 01, 2017, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing bisphosphonate treatments in adult KTRs. The primary outcome was BMD change. We executed the tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration to evaluate the risk of bias. We performed pairwise meta-analyses using random effects models and network meta-analysis (NMA) using Bayesian models and assessed the quality of evidence.</p><p><b>Results</b>A total of 21 RCTs (1332 participants) comparing 6 bisphosphonate regimens were included. All bisphosphonates showed a significantly increased percentage change in BMD at the lumbar spine compared to calcium except clodronate. Pamidronate with calcium and Vitamin D analogs showed improved BMD in comparison to clodronate with calcium (mean difference [MD], 9.84; 95% credibility interval [CrI], 1.06-19.70). The combination of calcium and Vitamin D analogs had a significantly lower influence than adding either pamidronate or alendronate (MD, 6.34; 95% CrI, 2.59-11.01 and MD, 6.16; 95% CrI, 0.54-13.24, respectively). In terms of percentage BMD change at the femoral neck, both pamidronate and ibandronate combined with calcium demonstrated a remarkable gain compared with calcium (MD, 7.02; 95% CrI, 0.30-13.29 and MD, 7.30; 95% CrI, 0.32-14.22, respectively). The combination of ibandronate with calcium displayed a significant increase in absolute BMD compared to any other treatments and was ranked best.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Our NMA suggested that new-generation bisphosphonates such as ibandronate were more favorable in KTRs to improve BMD. However, the conclusion should be treated with caution due to indirect comparisons.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Bone Density , Diphosphonates , Therapeutic Uses , Kidney Transplantation , Osteoporosis , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence has shown that high-intensity warming up, including dynamic and static kinetotherapies, can improve the performance of muscle explosive power. However, the training scheme to achieve the best effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To discuss whether the high-intensity dynamic and static kinetotherapies can enhance post-activation potentiation of the upper and lower limbs, so as to fully understand the high-intensity warming up, and thus promote the training efficacy. METHODS: Ovid Medline, Elsevier SDOL, PubMed, and CBJ databases were retrieved for the articles addressing the post-activation potentiation of high-intensity dynamic and static kinetotherapies published before 2016. The articles were classified in accordance with Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The possible mechanisms of the post-activation potentiation include the phosphorylation of myosin regulation light chain, the increase in motor unit recruitment as well as the change of pinnate angle. The resistance exercise at an appropriate mode, including dynamic, static, and dynamic combined with static, significantly induces post-activation potentiation, and improves the explosive force. Post-activation potentiation is impacted by muscle contraction type, amount of exercise, exercise intensity, induction time, and history of the subjects (training experience, absolute muscle force, and muscle fiber composition). High-intensity stimulus of post-activation potentiation may be accompanied by the generation of fatigue, and the inappropriate recovery time may result in the imperfect performance of post-activation potentiation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the conditions and parameters of roller compaction of Banlangen effervsce tablet.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The experimentation adopts L9 (3(4)) orthogonal experiment to study the conditions and parameters of roller compaction of Banlangen effervsce tablet; studied factors that included roller pressure, roller speed and moisture content of power, which influence the result of granule yield and granule friability.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimal technique is: roller pressure at 1.5 MPa; roller speed at 15 Hz; moisture content of power at 1.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study of roller compaction technique of Banlangen effervsce tablets provides some technicial consults of its research and production.</p>